2020同步年報

102 ACTIVITY REPORT 2020 mirrors (HHRM) inserted before the collimating mirror (CM) and the DCM has a key role and is an effective way to decrease the thermal load of the CM and first crystal of the DCM. The overall beamline performance will thus attain acceptable high levels to deliver a photon flux ~10 12 @ 5 keV (photon/s) and a resolving power ( E /∆ E ) up to 7000. Beamline TPS 32A will provide X-ray spectroscopic tech- niques such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES), along with a microprobe imaging capability. XAS technique will be routinely employed to probe the electronic and atomic structures of specific elements in the sample. The detection limit of the multi-sensor fluorescence silicon-drift detector (SDD) might reach about monolayer (a few ppm) levels. In contrast, HAXPES with a high-quality electron-energy ana- lyzer can probe properties in deeper layers of the samples and access core-level electrons. Various furnaces, cryostats and in-situ cells for varied sample environments will be available on request. This beamline will hence be suitable for application to various scientific and industrial fields that include physics, chemistry, material science, chemical engi- neering, geology, biology, earth and environmental scienc- es. All designs are to provide diversified and user-friendly experimental conditions and environments to maximize the scientific output. Figure 6 shows the schematic drawing of the beamline (above) and the design drawing of the end- station (below). TPS 33A Dragon Beamline Soft XAS is a technique for the study of the element-specific electronic structure of matter, and provides information about the valence state. Soft XAS is a promising method to study strongly correlated electron systems because the photon energy of soft X-rays covers the L-edge absorption of 3d- and 4d- transition metals. Furthermore, the magnet- ic circular dichroism (MCD) in soft XAS is a powerful tool to study the magnetic properties, and to determine the spin and orbital moments of materials to study the funda- mental electronic and magnetic physical properties. A vast development of a system for renewable energy materials has become an important topic due to the current energy crisis. Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy combined with an in-suit/operando electrochemistry cell becomes an import- ant setup to study the physical and chemical properties of energy materials, such as renewable fuel, solar cells, super- capacitors, CO 2 reduction, catalysis of air pollutants, etc . TPS 33A Dragon Beamline at TPS phase III is expected to provide renewed research opportunities for the subject of Fig. 6 : (above) Optical layout and (below) endstation setup of TPS 32A tender X-ray absorption spectroscopy beamline.