0428同步年報-2021-全

Environmental and Earth Sciences 067 C ephalopods, accounting for approximately 4% of the total capture fisheries and 5% of the total global fishery production, contribute significantly to both ecology and fisheries because of their large populations. An analysis of the stomach content provides important insight into feeding patterns and quantitative assessments of food habits, and can reveal a basis to understand trophic interactions in food webs, representing an integration of many important ecological components (including behavior, energy intake and inter/intraspecies interactions), distinguishing between multiple functional food components (nutrients), and linking physiology, behavior and ecology, all of which can enable an improved understanding of the responses of marine animals to their environments. Marine pollution has grown to become a major problem and threatens marine lives throughout the nested ecological hierarchy and the habitats on which they depend. The accumulation and ingestion of microplastics have been increasingly reported to cause diverse and detrimental effects to marine organisms such as mussels and copepods. Synthetic fabrics, which are human-made textiles used to substitute natural fibres, are ranked as the second largest contributor to marine pollution, and their manufacture involves carcinogenic chemicals that lead to a potential health risk in both human beings and other organisms. The ingestion of artifacts, including both plastics and synthetic fabrics, can become a risk because of not only impacts on individual organisms but also bioaccumulation in the food web, as well as causing challenges for food safety in human society. Chia-Ying Ko (National Taiwan University) and Yao-Chang Lee (NSRRC) led their teams to explore the risks of artifact ingestion by the I. argentines using fishery samples collected from February to April in 2018 and 2019 in the southwest Atlantic. The qualitative analysis of artifacts found in each squid stomach was recorded using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer ( Fig. 1 ). An IR microscope was integrated with the spectrometer for FTIR imaging at TLS 14A1 of the NSRRC; a single- element mercury-cadmium-telluride photodiode cooled with liquid nitrogen was equipped. The spectral range of the apparatus was 4000−650 cm -1 at resolution 4 cm -1 in 64 scans. The spectral results of the artifacts were compared with the spectra library of the software OPUS and confirmed on inspection of peak matching. The teams found artifacts of various types in squid stomachs, occupying 19.9% of the total number of all stomachs ( Fig. 2 ). This observation indicated that artifacts might be a considerable threat to I. argentines . Although the material components of most artifacts could not be identified, six artifacts were identified as plastic- like artifacts, including three made of nylon 66, one made of polyethylene Thinking of Food Security μATR-FTIR technology shows the capability to assess the risks of artifact ingestion for Argentine shortfin squid Illex argentinus in the southwest Atlantic. Fig. 1 : Micro-attenuated total-reflection Fourier-transform infrared (µATR-FTIR) spectrometer at TLS 14A1 . [Photo courtesy of Pei-Yu Huang] Fig. 2 : Photographs showing examples of artifacts of various colors, sizes and shapes found in the stomachs of Argentine shortfin squid Illex argentinus from the southwest Atlantic. [Reproduced from Ref. 1]