2020同步年報

Neutron Science 083 bosome treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that cubosomes are bactericidal to A. baumannii on altering the membrane bilayer structure, whilst Ab 19606R is more susceptible to cubosome treatment, which is in accordance with results in vitro in which the minimum inhibitory con- centration of cubosomes against Ab 19606R is 2 μg/mL compared with 4 μg/mL for Ab 5075D. (Reported by Xiang- feng Lai, Monash University, Australia) This report features the work of Mei-Ling Han, Jian Li, Hsin- Hui Shen and their collaborators, published in ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12 , 44485 (2020). ANSTO Quokka – Small-angle Neutron Scattering • SANS • Antibiotic Resistance, Drag Delivery System, Polymers, Magnetism, Earth Science Reference 1. X. Lai, Y. Ding, C. M. Wu, X. Chen, J. H. Jiang, H. Y. Hsu, Y. Wang, A. P. Le Brun, J. Song, M. L. Han, J. Li, H. H. Shen, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12 , 44485 (2020). -3-phospho]-glycerol (sodium salt) (18:1 Cardiolipin, TOCL) were mixed thoroughly in trichloromethane at molar ratios 37:47:16, 64:26:10, 72:25:3 and 81:17:3 to represent an Ab 5075D outer membrane (OM), Ab 19606R OM, Ab 5075D inner membrane (IM) and Ab 19606R IM, respectively. The mixtures were then dried under N 2 and dispersed in D 2 O with a HEPES buffer using bath sonication. The membrane dispersions were then transferred to quartz cuvettes and characterized at 25 o C to confirm the fabrication of the bilayer. Cubosomes at concentrations 4 and 32 μg/mL were consecutively added to the cuvettes and incubated for 30 min before being subjected to shows small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. The measurements were conducted on 40-m pinhole instrument QUOKKA at OPAL research reactor in Australian Nuclear Science and Technol- ogy Organisation (ANSTO), Sydney, Australia. Wave vector Q is calculated from θ (scattering angle) and λ (neutron wavelength): Q = 4π sin θ/λ. Two instrument configurations were applied to cover large Q and small Q. Distance L1 = 4 m from source to sample and distance L2 = 3 m at 5 Å and L1 = L2 = 12 m at 6 Å from sample to detector were used to give a Q range 0.0049−0.28 Å −1 . Figure 1 shows SANS profiles of membrane bilayers before and after cubosome treatment. After the cubosome treat- ment, both OM and IM of Ab 5075D and Ab 19606R were evidently significantly disrupted, as indicated by the loss of the bilayer intensity. An analysis of SANS profiles was performed using SasView (version 4.2.2). The data were fitted using lamellar_hg and a Gaussian peak model. The calculated bilayer thicknesses are reported in Table 1 . No- tably, the thicknesses of OM and IM of Ab 5075D remained unchanged, while being altered for Ab 19606R after cu- Table 1 : Bilayer thicknesses ( δ ) before and after cubosome treatment with a lamellar model for the OM and IM of Ab 19606R and Ab 5075D. [Reproduced from Ref. 1] Membrane δ bilayer (Å) δ Cub 4 (Å) δ Cub 32 (Å) Ab 5075D OM 47.2 ± 1.1 47.5 ± 1.2 - Ab 19606R OM 47.6 ± 0.5 49.2 ± 0.4 - Ab 5075D IM 51.7 ± 1.5 51.5 ± 0.9 50.9 ± 2.2 Ab 19606R IM 48.3 ± 0.4 45.0 ± 0.7 51.9 ± 2.5 A collaborative team, distinguished by an Innovation in Taiwan Award of the Institute for Biotechnology and Medicine In- dustry and Research Center for Biotechnology and Medicine Policy, has reported an investigation of the bone growth in additive-manufactured implants using Ti 6 Al 4 V and bioactive glass- powder composite. 1 E-Wen Huang (National Chiao Tung University & Industrial Technology Research Institute) led the multi-scale characterization team to investigate the underly- ing mechano-biological processes at varied scales due to the hierarchical nature of the bones. 2 With customized geometry made by one-step mixing of the bioactive ceramic in the metallic powders, additive-manufacturing implants demonstrate outstanding performance in bone growth. Shao-Ju Shih (National Taiwan University of Science and Technology University) designed the one-step ceramic-metal powder mixing; Nien-Ti Tsou (National Chiao Tung University) invented the healing pattern analysis for implant geometry, and Meng-Huang Wu (Taipei Medical University) performed the surgery. Neutron Experiments Exploring Advanced Metallurgy AM and HEA are two emerging topics to advance metallurgy. Newly developed additive-man- ufacturing implants and a summary of how neutron experiments reveal the HEA deformation behaviours are reported.